List of Japanese expressions of color and how to use them as adjectives.

update date 2024/02/14

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Many people may want to use color in everyday conversation to enrich their conversations.

In this article, we will introduce how colors are expressed in Japanese, adjectives that describe colors, and also the types of color expressions unique to the Japanese language, called "wa-iro". You will be able to understand a wide variety of color expressions in Japanese and naturally incorporate colors into your daily conversation.

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How to express in Japanese?

How do we describe colors in Japanese?

Japan has four distinct seasons, and each of spring, summer, fall, and winter offers a different colorful landscape. The following examples will help you understand how to express the colors we are about to introduce.

Japan has four distinct seasons, each bringing its own unique colors. In spring, you will see beautiful pink cherry blossoms, in summer you will see clear blue skies and beautiful green vegetation. In fall the leaves turn orange and red, and in winter we see white snow."

Thus, skillful use of color in Japanese will broaden the scope of your conversation. It is useful to remember these expressions because you will be able to compare various things with colors.

Next, we will show you how colors are expressed in Japanese, their English translations, and how to read them. Let's compare the English translations with the Japanese readings.

Color (Kanji)	Color (Hiragana)	Reading (Roman alphabet)	English translation
red	red ink (i.e. in finance or proof-reading)	aka	red
bitter orange (Citrus aurantium)	generation after generation	daidai (distilled Chinese alcohol, made from fermented grains)	orange
yellow	counter for installed or mounted objects (e.g. stone lanterns, gravestones, satellites)	ki	yellow
green	greenery (esp. fresh verdure)	midori (Phacochoerus aethiopicus)	green
green	blue	ao	blue
purple	purple	murasaki	purple
black	ridge between grooves in threshold or lintel	kuro	black
white	shiro (unit of volume, approx. 1.8 ml)	SIRO	white
money (written before an amount)	gold (medal, cup)	kin	gold
silver	silver	gin	silver
pink	crisp, unwrinkled banknote	pinku	pink
water (esp. cool, fresh water, e.g. drinking water)	water (esp. cool, fresh water, e.g. drinking water)	mizu	light blue
tea	if you are going to ...	tya	brown
navy blue	this (indicating an item near the speaker, the action of the speaker, or the current topic)	kon (medieval ruler of a Tatary tribe)	deep blue

Orange (daidai-iro) is also called orange. Similarly, pink is sometimes also called peach.

Furthermore, it is important to note that the color names presented here are used as nouns.

In Japanese, "color (iro)" is commonly attached to the name of a color. For example, "yellow" is rarely used by itself, but is often expressed as "kiiro (yellow).

When communicating the name of a color, keep in mind that it is easier to convey the name of the color if you use the form "name of the color" + "color (色)".

Below are some example sentences using "color name" + "color (色)" as nouns.

That flower has a beautiful pink color.
Today's sky is a clear blue.
My bag is black.
Is your favorite color gold?

What are color adjectives?

This section also introduces adjectives that describe colors. It should be noted that not all colors can be described by adjectives.

Adjectives describing colors are used in combination with nouns by adding "the name of the color" + "i". For example, "red car" means a red car.

You can also use adjectives to describe colors by adding "ga" to nouns. For example, "snow is white" or "apples are red.

Once you learn to use adjectives well, your Japanese expressions will feel more natural.

Below are the main adjectives describing colors and examples of their use.

Color adjectives	How to read the Roman alphabet	English translation
red	akai	red
yellow	kiiroi	yellow
blue	aoi	blue
light brown	tyairoi	brown
black	kuroi	black

Please see the example sentences below for adjectives describing colors.

That car is white.
Autumn. Leaves are brown.
I like black clothes.
She is wearing a red scarf.

If you would like to know more about the usage of ◆Japanese "~ai", please refer to the following article.
What is the meaning of the Japanese word "~tai"? A particle? A verb? How to conjugate it is also explained.

Types of "Japanese Colors," color expressions unique to the Japanese language

This section also introduces the unique colors of Japan, the so-called Japanese colors. Japanese colors have a unique charm, and it is interesting to know the meaning and background of each color.

Many Japanese colors are inspired by nature and everyday life, and many colors are taken from the names of flowers, such as wisteria and peach. Another unique aspect of Japanese colors is that colors are named after flowers seen in parks and on roadsides.

For example, azuki, named after azuki beans, is derived from the color of Japanese sweets made from azuki beans. Also, uguisu-iro, named after the color of the wings of Japanese bush warblers, is one of the colors that symbolize the nature of Japan. In this way, by exploring colors inspired by food, landscapes, and flowers, we can get a sense of Japan's rich climate and culture.

Here are some examples of Japanese colors.

Color Name	How to read the Roman alphabet	Color Image/Supplementation
violet (any flower of genus Viola, esp. the Fuji dawn, Viola mandshurica)	sumire	Purple-like color. Comes from the name of the flower.
young (fresh) grass	wakakusa	Bright green. Inspired by sprouts and young leaves.
mustard	karashi	A muddy yellow. Named after the color of mustard.
having a beautiful voice	uguisu	Pale green like the feathers of a Japanese bush warbler.
Japanese chestnut (Castanea crenata)	kuri	Dark brown like chestnuts.
wheat	komugi	Light brown, similar to the color of ears of wheat.
sumi	sumi	Dark black. Comes from the ink used in calligraphy.
wisteria (esp. Japanese wisteria, Wisteria floribunda)	fuji (ceremonial sake decanter with a spout and semicircular handle)	Pale purple, similar to the color of wisteria flowers.

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summary

The following is a summary of the key points presented in this article.

The name of a color is basically a noun.
When describing colors, it is common to add "color (iro)" to the "name of the color.
There are also a variety of ways to use adjectives to describe colors, and learning these will enrich your conversation.
The names of colors unique to Japan are fascinating, and digging deeper into these names may lead to new discoveries.

The color names introduced in this article are just a small part of the list. If you are interested, you may wish to look into them in more detail.

Incorporating color into Japanese conversation will make Japanese communication more enjoyable and richer. Try to understand Japanese colors and add color to your life.